Microbiology Fact: There are more bacteria in your mouth than there are people on Earth! The human body contains about 10 times more bacterial cells than human cells.
🥛 Food Production (Yogurt, Cheese)
💊 Medicine (Antibiotics, Vaccines)
🌱 Agriculture (Nitrogen Fixation)
♻️ Waste Decomposition
🧪 Biotechnology
📘 Subject: Science Part 2
📗 Chapter 7: Introduction to Microbiology
🎓 Class: 10 (Maharashtra Board)
✅ Status: Original & Copyright-Free
Very Short Answer Questions
1–2 Marks Each
What is microbiology?
Basic Definition
What are microorganisms?
Definition
Name any two types of microorganisms.
Microbe Types
Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Protozoa
Which instrument is used to study microorganisms?
Laboratory Instrument
Microscope
What are microbes?
Definition
Name one useful microorganism.
Useful Microbe
Lactobacillus (in yogurt)
Name one harmful microorganism.
Harmful Microbe
Salmonella (causes food poisoning)
What are antibiotics?
Medical Term
What are vaccines?
Medical Term
Name one disease caused by bacteria.
Bacterial Disease
Tuberculosis, Cholera, Typhoid
Short Answer Questions
3–4 Marks Each
Explain the term microorganism with examples.
Definition & Examples
Write the characteristics of microorganisms.
Microbial Characteristics
Characteristic
Description
Size
Microscopic (need microscope to see)
Ubiquity
Found everywhere
Reproduction
Rapid multiplication
Describe different types of microorganisms.
Microbial Classification
Explain the role of microorganisms in food production.
Food Industry Applications
Write the importance of microorganisms in medicine.
Medical Applications
How are microorganisms useful in agriculture?
Agricultural Applications
Explain harmful effects of microorganisms.
Negative Impacts
Describe methods to prevent microbial diseases.
Disease Prevention
Write a short note on viruses.
Virus Study
Explain the role of microorganisms in the environment.
Environmental Role
Long Answer Questions
5 Marks Each
Explain various types of microorganisms with their uses.
Comprehensive Classification
Bacteria → Viruses → Fungi → Protozoa → Algae
Describe useful and harmful microorganisms in detail.
Dual Role Analysis
Explain industrial applications of microorganisms.
Industrial Microbiology
Write preventive measures against diseases caused by microorganisms.
Disease Prevention Strategies
Explain the importance of microbiology in daily life.
Practical Importance
Reasoning / Application-Based Questions
Conceptual Understanding
Why are microorganisms called both useful and harmful?
Dual Nature Reasoning
Why are vaccines important in disease prevention?
Immunization Reasoning
Why are microorganisms essential for nutrient recycling?
Ecological Reasoning
Why do antibiotics not work against viral diseases?
Medical Reasoning
Why is hygiene important to control microbial infections?